FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printing builds objects layer by layer by melting and extruding thermoplastic materials. Following a digital design, the printer precisely deposits material that cools and solidifies to form the final product. FDM’s popularity stems from its affordability, versatility, and ability to create durable prototypes, functional parts, and models using materials like PLA, ABS, TPU, and PETG This method is especially popular in industries like manufacturing, education, and engineering for rapid prototyping and production